For optical fibers together with other waveguides, the excellence between uniaxial and biaxial won't apply, For the reason that propagation way is basically based on the waveguide.

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直光纤只有很小的随机双折射，即使这样其中的光传输一段距离后偏振状态也会发生变化。存在保偏光纤，是利用了很强的双折射来抑制这些效应。 

This really is the most common method of phase matching for various kinds of nonlinear frequency conversion like frequency doubling and optical parametric oscillation.

Simply because one particular wave is retarded with respect to the opposite, interference (both constructive or harmful) happens involving the waves because they go through the analyzer. The web result's that some birefringent samples get a spectrum of shade when noticed in white gentle by crossed polarizers.

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For an optical ingredient with a few birefringence, one can specify the retardance, which can be the real difference in section shifts for The 2 polarization directions.

即使是各向同性介质，也会由于存在不均匀的机械应力而产生双折射。这可以在两个交叉偏振器间放置一块有机玻璃观察：当施加应力到有机玻璃上，可以看到由于应力诱导的与波长相关的双折射效应而产生的彩色图像。

双折射是光束入射到各向异性的晶体，分解为两束光而沿不同方向折射的现象。光在非均质体中传播�?，其传播速度和折射率值随振动方向不同而改变，其折射率值不止一个；光波入射非均质体，除特殊方向以外 ，都要发生双折射，分解成振动方向互相垂直、传播速度不同、折射率不等的两种偏振光，此现象即为双折�?。

Straight optical fibers are often nominally symmetric, but nevertheless show some smaller diploma of random birefringence as a consequence of little deviations from best symmetry �?by way of example on account of bending, other mechanical pressure or tiny microscopic irregularities.

Figure eight(a) illustrates the anisotropic tetragonal, birefringent crystal within an orientation where by the lengthy (optical) axis in the crystal lies parallel to your transmission azimuth of your polarizer. In this instance, light passing with the polarizer, and subsequently throughout the crystal, is vibrating in a very airplane that may be parallel into the direction from the polarizer. Since none of the mild click here incident about the crystal is refracted into divergent common and amazing waves, the isotropic gentle waves passing throughout the crystal fall short to supply electrical vector vibrations in the correct orientation to traverse with the analyzer and yield interference consequences (begin to see the horizontal arrow in Determine 8(a), and also the discussion beneath).

这一效应可应用于双折射调谐器中，因为它是与波长相关的（尽管折射率差与波长无关）。该效应通过自相位调制和交叉相位调制而与功率相关（参阅非线性偏振态旋转），有时用于光纤激光器中的被动锁模。 

Straight optical fibers are sometimes nominally symmetric, but Yet exhibit some modest degree of random birefringence as a consequence of tiny deviations from ideal symmetry �?one example is as a consequence of bending, other mechanical tension or tiny microscopic irregularities.

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Whenever a beam is refracted in the area of the birefringent crystal, the refraction angle relies on the polarization direction. An unpolarized mild beam can then be split into two linearly polarized beams when hitting surfaces of the fabric with non-usual incidence (